The Meiji era (1868-1912) was a time of rapid change in Japan. During this time, the country purposefully transformed itself from a feudal society into a modern industrialized nation. The government introduced radical political, economic, educational, and military reforms throughout Meiji.
This increased urbanization as society, technology, transportation, and communication developed. Despite all this, traditional Japanese culture survived until modern times. This once-secluded society is now a unique mix of old and new. Let’s look at how the Meiji period laid the foundation for the country as we know it today!
When was the Meiji era?
The Meiji era (1868-1912) began in 1868 with the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate. It is named after Emperor Meiji, who ascended to the throne on October 23rd. This event marked the end of feudal society and the restoration of imperial rule. The era only lasted 44 years, officially ending with Meiji’s death on July 30th, 1912.
However, a global rush toward industrialization occurred during those four decades. And Japan’s timely exposure to the outside world significantly influenced its development. During Meiji, it took its first steps from isolation towards becoming a globally influential state.
What was the Meiji era?
This period in Japan’s history is known for the deliberate efforts made to modernize the country. The feudal class structure of previous centuries disappeared, and political power could finally be centralized. As a result, they became a unified nation ready to tackle large projects and build a modern nation. To achieve this, the leadership started adopting Western tools and approaches. These efforts were concentrated in cities like Tokyo and Osaka, which soon became centers of new technology and progress.
The main goal was to encourage industrial growth and transform the country into a formidable global power. But these changes also affected other aspects of life. A compulsory education system was introduced that taught subjects like science and mathematics.
The government also built railways, factories, shipyards, and telegraph lines and established a modern postal system. The coal and steel industries were expanded to support all this new construction. All this trade created a new middle class that appreciated Western-style clothing and architecture. It was the start of Japan’s westernization.
What was Japan before the Meiji era?
Immediately before the Meiji era, there was the Edo period (1603 – 1868). During these years, the Tokugawa Shogunate enforced a policy called sakoku (“chained country”). Its purpose was to restrict foreign influence by limiting the country’s trade and interactions with the outside world.
Because of these rules, citizens and ships from most foreign countries were forbidden from entering. Only Dutch and Chinese traders were allowed entry. Regular Japanese people were not even allowed to leave the country. The average person lived a life almost completely isolated from the outside world.
The years before Meiji were filled with war and uncertainty, but the Edo period brought peace and stability. Most people living in rural areas relied on agriculture for their livelihoods. With the countryside finally safe, food production increased. Sakoku shut out the rest of the world, so trading within the country’s borders increased, generating wealth.
A rigid class system of farmers, artisans, and merchants evolved, with the samurai maintaining order. Because there were no foreign religions and beliefs, Japanese culture also became richer. Traditional arts, crafts, and customs exploded.
Are you looking for great snacks while learning about Japanese history? Check out Sakuraco! Sakuraco delivers traditional Japanese snacks, teas, and sweets from local Japanese makers directly to your door.
Why was Japan closed for 217 years?
Japan’s self-imposed isolation began in 1639 and lasted until the mid-19th century. It prevented foreign powers from gaining a foothold and disrupting the newly established order. In this way, the leadership could maintain the new internal stability. The shogunate was particularly worried about Western colonial powers threatening the country’s independence and destroying its cultural identity.
The arrival of U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry and his fleet in 1853 changed all this. The shogunate faced a superior military and agreed to make Dejima the only trading post in Nagasaki. But soon, other ports opened to foreign trade, and outside influence began to creep in. This began the Meiji Restoration when Japan began adopting Western practices nationally.
Japan and the Integration of Westernization
By integrating outside methods, Japan was able to educate a new generation of skilled workers. This workforce was then put to work, using new Western technologies to increase industrial production. These new industries were then sold to private owners, which created a thriving capitalist economy.
The manufactured goods were used locally but could also be traded internationally. Japan used its new income to reform its navy. And, using Western military strategies, achieved victories in two regional wars. All this earned the new nation respect not only in Asia but internationally. It was the Meiji era that allowed Japan to ensure its security while preserving its traditional values.
Do you have any thoughts about Japan’s modernization during the Meiji era? How do you think the country would look today if it had continued its policy of isolation? Feel free to share in the comments below!
